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2025 CPT code 23105

Arthrotomy, shoulder, with synovectomy; complete

The code 23105 describes a *complete* synovectomy. For a partial synovectomy or other related shoulder procedures, different CPT codes may apply. Modifier -52 may be used for reduced services if the procedure is not performed at its usual complexity level (e.g., due to limited synovitis).

Modifiers such as -LT (left side), -RT (right side), -50 (bilateral procedure), or -59 (distinct procedural service) may apply based on the specific circumstances of the procedure.

Medical necessity is established by documenting the patient's symptoms, failed conservative treatments, and the impact of the condition on their function. Pre-operative imaging studies may be necessary.

The surgeon performs the arthrotomy and synovectomy, ensuring appropriate anesthesia and infection prevention measures. They also handle any necessary biopsies and post-operative care.

In simple words: The surgeon makes an incision in your shoulder to remove the inflamed lining of the joint. This procedure can help reduce pain and improve movement.

This code describes a surgical procedure where an incision is made into the shoulder joint (arthrotomy) to perform a complete synovectomy. A synovectomy is the removal of the synovial membrane, which lines the joint and produces synovial fluid. This procedure is often performed to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or synovitis.

Example 1: A patient with rheumatoid arthritis experiencing significant pain and limited range of motion in the shoulder undergoes a complete synovectomy to remove the inflamed synovium., A patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis, a condition causing abnormal tissue growth in the joint lining, undergoes synovectomy to remove the affected tissue., Following a traumatic shoulder injury, a patient develops persistent synovitis. A synovectomy is performed to address the inflammation and prevent long-term joint damage.

Documentation should include the diagnosis necessitating the procedure (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, synovitis), the extent of synovial involvement, operative details, and any complications encountered.

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