In simple words: Tuberculosis of the prostate is a rare infection where TB bacteria spread to the prostate, causing inflammation and potentially urinary problems.

Tuberculosis (TB) of the prostate is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis where Mycobacterium tuberculosis (or rarely Mycobacterium bovis) spreads to the prostate, usually through the bloodstream. The bacteria form granulomas, which can lie dormant before rupturing and infecting the prostate.

Example 1: A 74-year-old male with hypertension presents with increased urinary frequency, poor stream, and nocturia for two months. He denies fever, weight loss, or prior TB history. Ultrasound shows an enlarged prostate. Biopsy reveals granulomas, and subsequent tests confirm TB., A 51-year-old male with an elevated ESR but normal PSA undergoes FDG and PSMA PET/CT scans, revealing high FDG uptake but slight PSMA uptake in the prostate, along with multiple osteolytic bone lesions and lymph nodes with similar uptake patterns. Prostate biopsy and T-cell spot test confirm systemic tuberculosis, including prostate involvement., An asymptomatic patient incidentally diagnosed with prostate TB during a transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy for suspected prostate cancer. Histological examination shows granulomas, caseous necrosis, and lymphocytes.

Documentation should include evidence of granulomas in the prostate, confirmed by biopsy, along with supporting clinical findings such as urinary symptoms, imaging results (ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET/CT), and positive tests for TB (e.g., AFB smear, culture, PCR, T-SPOT.TB). Prior history of TB or immunosuppression should also be noted.

** Prostate TB can mimic other conditions like BPH and prostate cancer. It's crucial to consider TB, especially in endemic regions or patients with risk factors like prior TB or immunosuppression. Treatment typically involves a prolonged course of antitubercular medications. Surgery may be necessary in cases of complications.