In simple words: Actinomycosis is a rare, long-lasting infection caused by bacteria usually found in the mouth and throat.It happens when these bacteria get into other parts of your body, often after an injury, surgery, or dental problems. The infection creates pockets of pus, sometimes forming lumps and sores that can drain.While the infection itself isn't painful at first, the growing abscesses can cause pain and swelling as they enlarge. Actinomycosis can affect the face and neck, chest, belly, and pelvic area.

Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species, commonly Actinomyces israelii. These bacteria are normally present in the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract, but can cause infection if they enter tissues through a break in the mucous membrane following trauma, surgery, or infection.Actinomycosis is characterized by the formation of painful abscesses and sinus tracts that may discharge “sulfur granules” (yellowish clumps of pus). Common sites of infection include the cervicofacial region (lumpy jaw), thorax, abdomen, and pelvis (in women, particularly those with IUDs).Clinical presentation varies depending on the site of infection but may include fever, mild to no pain, swelling, lumps, draining sores, and weight loss.

Example 1: A 35-year-old male presents with a slowly enlarging, painless mass in his jaw. He has a history of poor dental hygiene. Examination reveals a draining sinus tract with characteristic sulfur granules.A diagnosis of cervicofacial actinomycosis is made., A 50-year-old female with an IUD complains of pelvic pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. Imaging reveals a pelvic abscess. A diagnosis of pelvic actinomycosis is made., A 60-year-old male with a history of aspiration pneumonia presents with chest pain, cough, and fever. A chest X-ray shows a pulmonary infiltrate.A diagnosis of thoracic actinomycosis is confirmed by culture of sputum.

Documentation for actinomycosis should include the type and location of the infection, presence of abscesses or sinus tracts, discharge characteristics (e.g., sulfur granules), laboratory results (e.g., culture, gram stain), imaging findings, and treatment plan. It's also essential to document any predisposing factors like recent dental work, trauma, or IUD use.