In simple words: Oropouche virus disease is a tropical viral illness spread by the bite of tiny flies called midges. It causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, chills, and body aches. Most people recover within a week, but some may experience more severe symptoms or a recurrence of symptoms later.

Oropouche virus disease is a viral illness transmitted primarily through the bite of infected midges (Culicoides paraensis) and possibly some mosquitoes. Symptoms typically include a sudden onset of high fever, headache, chills, muscle and joint pain, and sometimes a rash.More severe complications such as meningitis or encephalitis can occur, although rarely.In 2024, the first fatalities associated with Oropouche virus disease were reported.

Example 1: A patient presents with sudden high fever, severe headache, chills, and joint pain after returning from a trip to the Amazon rainforest. Serologic testing confirms Oropouche virus infection., A pregnant woman living in an area with known Oropouche virus transmission develops the typical symptoms.Close monitoring of the pregnancy is necessary due to the potential for complications., A patient initially diagnosed with a flu-like illness experiences a recurrence of symptoms, including headache, muscle aches, and fatigue, several weeks later.Further testing reveals Oropouche virus as the underlying cause.

Documentation should include travel history, symptom onset and duration, laboratory results (serologic tests), and any neurological findings. If meningitis is suspected, documentation of cerebrospinal fluid analysis should be included.

** As of November 30, 2024, research is ongoing concerning potential mother-to-child transmission and other possible complications. There are currently no vaccines or specific antiviral treatments for Oropouche virus disease.