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2025 ICD-10-CM code B00.4

Herpesviral encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Use additional codes to identify any other neurological manifestations or complications.If known, specify the type of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 or HSV-2).Code any underlying conditions that may have predisposed the patient to the infection.

Medical necessity for treatment of herpesviral encephalitis is established by the confirmed presence of HSV infection in the central nervous system, causing neurological symptoms. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent serious and potentially irreversible neurological damage.

Physicians diagnose herpesviral encephalitis based on patient history, physical and neurological examinations, laboratory tests (like PCR of cerebrospinal fluid), and imaging studies (CT and MRI). Treatment typically involves antiviral medications (such as acyclovir or vidarabine), corticosteroids to reduce brain inflammation, and potentially sedatives for managing seizures and restlessness.

In simple words: Herpesviral encephalitis is a brain infection caused by the herpes virus. It can cause serious problems like seizures, confusion, and even death if not treated quickly.It is diagnosed through tests like spinal taps and brain scans, and treated with antiviral medications.

Herpesviral encephalitis is a rare, but serious condition characterized by inflammation of the brain due to infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV).It can cause a range of neurological symptoms, including fever, headache, seizures, cognitive impairment, personality changes, and focal weakness.It's crucial to diagnose and treat promptly to minimize potential long-term complications or even death.

Example 1: A 25-year-old patient presents with fever, headache, seizures, and altered mental status.PCR of cerebrospinal fluid confirms herpes simplex virus, leading to a diagnosis of herpesviral encephalitis. Treatment with intravenous acyclovir is initiated., A newborn infant develops seizures and lethargy shortly after birth.Testing reveals HSV-2 infection, indicating neonatal herpesviral encephalitis.Treatment with antiviral medication is started immediately., An older adult with a history of cold sores experiences confusion, personality changes, and difficulty speaking. MRI reveals inflammation in the temporal lobe of the brain.A diagnosis of herpesviral encephalitis is made, and antiviral therapy is started.

Documentation should include details of the present illness, including onset and progression of symptoms. Neurological examination findings, results of laboratory tests (CSF analysis, PCR), and imaging studies (CT, MRI) should be documented.Treatment details, including medications and response to therapy, are also essential.

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