In simple words: Microphthalmos means a baby is born with one or both eyes smaller than normal.This can range from slightly smaller eyes to eyes that are very small or not fully developed.

Microphthalmos is a congenital anomaly characterized by the abnormal small size of one or both eyes.It can range in severity from mildly small eyes to eyes that are severely underdeveloped or missing entirely.Associated anomalies may include other ocular malformations, such as cataracts, glaucoma, or retinal abnormalities. The condition can be unilateral or bilateral.

Example 1: A newborn infant is diagnosed with microphthalmos in the right eye, with associated cataract.The ophthalmologist documents the findings and orders further investigation including genetic testing., A child presents with a history of unilateral microphthalmos diagnosed at birth.The ophthalmologist assesses vision and discusses options for vision correction, including surgery or prosthetic lenses., A pregnant woman undergoes prenatal ultrasound, which reveals microphthalmos in the fetus.Genetic counseling is offered, and further testing is performed to determine the underlying cause.

Complete ophthalmologic examination with detailed description of the size, shape, and structures of the affected eye(s), including retinal evaluation.Documentation of any associated anomalies.Prenatal ultrasounds (if applicable).Genetic testing results (if applicable).Imaging studies (e.g., CT scan, MRI) if indicated.