In simple words: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a condition where babies are born with stiff joints in several parts of their bodies. This is caused by problems with muscle development before birth and results in limited movement in those joints. There are different types of AMC, and the specific cause varies. Treatment may involve exercises, casts, or surgery to improve movement.

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders featuring congenital contractures affecting two or more areas of the body.These contractures result from limited joint movement in utero.The etiology is diverse, encompassing muscular, neurogenic, connective tissue, and other factors, often involving multiple genes.Clinical presentation varies, with some forms exhibiting severe joint contractures and muscle weakness (amyoplasia), while others primarily involve the hands and feet (distal arthrogryposis).Syndromic forms are also associated with neurological or muscle diseases.Diagnosis is primarily clinical, and treatment strategies include joint manipulation, casting, and sometimes surgery.Intelligence is typically unaffected unless the AMC is part of a broader syndrome.

Example 1: A newborn presents with contractures of the knees, elbows, and hips. Physical examination reveals limited range of motion in these joints, and the diagnosis of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is made.A comprehensive assessment is required to rule out any associated syndromes or conditions., A child with a history of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita undergoes a surgical procedure to correct severe contractures of the wrists. Post-surgical care includes physical therapy to optimize joint mobility and functional outcomes., A pregnant woman receives genetic counseling following the prenatal diagnosis of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in her fetus. This counseling helps the parents understand the condition's potential severity, inheritance patterns, and available management options.

Detailed prenatal history (if available), including maternal illnesses and potential teratogen exposure.Comprehensive physical examination documenting the location, severity, and symmetry of joint contractures.Neurological examination to assess muscle strength and tone.Radiographic imaging (X-rays, ultrasounds) to visualize joint structures and assess bone abnormalities.Genetic testing, as clinically indicated, to identify potential underlying genetic causes.Documentation of treatment strategies implemented, including physiotherapy, casting, and surgical interventions.Progress notes charting the patient’s response to treatment and functional outcomes.

** The severity and specific manifestations of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita vary widely, requiring a detailed clinical assessment for accurate diagnosis and coding.Close collaboration between different medical specialties is often necessary to provide optimal care.