2025 CPT code 28285

Correction of hammertoe deformity (e.g., interphalangeal fusion, partial or total phalangectomy).

Appropriate modifiers (e.g., 50 for bilateral procedures, T-modifiers for specifying the toe) should be used when necessary.Separate codes should be reported for any additional procedures performed (e.g., vessel exploration, neuroplasty).

Modifiers 50 (bilateral procedure), 51 (multiple procedures), 52 (reduced services), 54 (surgical care only), T-modifiers (to specify affected digit), and 76 (repeat procedure) may be applicable based on the clinical scenario.

Surgical correction of hammertoe deformities is medically necessary when conservative management (e.g., footwear modifications, orthotics) has failed to alleviate symptoms and improve function.The deformity causes significant pain, interferes with ambulation, or has other functional limitations.

The surgeon's responsibilities include pre-operative assessment, surgical planning, performing the hammertoe correction procedure, post-operative care instructions, and follow-up appointments.

In simple words: This code covers surgery to fix a hammertoe, a bent toe. The doctor will cut and repair the toe joint to straighten the toe and will put on a cast.

This CPT code encompasses the surgical correction of a hammertoe deformity.The procedure may involve interphalangeal fusion, partial or total phalangectomy (removal of a toe bone), or a combination of techniques.The surgeon will make an incision over the proximal interphalangeal joint, section the ligaments, expose and remove the head and neck of the proximal phalanx using a rongeur, and then fuse the remaining bones with a wire.The surgical site is irrigated and closed, and a cast is applied.

Example 1: A 55-year-old female patient presents with a painful hammertoe deformity of the second toe on her right foot. She has experienced progressive worsening of the deformity over several years, now making it difficult to wear shoes. Surgical correction is recommended, including partial phalangectomy and interphalangeal joint fusion., A 72-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus has a severe hammertoe deformity affecting the third toe on his left foot. He complains of chronic pain and difficulty walking.The patient will undergo surgical correction including a total phalangectomy, and the surgeon will decide if interphalangeal fusion is needed., A 28-year-old female patient presents with a bilateral hammertoe deformity (second and third toes on both feet).She is a professional dancer and requires surgical intervention to alleviate pain and regain mobility.The surgeon plans bilateral hammertoe correction procedures using code 28285 with appropriate modifiers for each toe.

* Preoperative assessment including history, physical exam, and imaging (X-ray).* Operative report detailing the surgical procedure, including specific techniques used (e.g., interphalangeal fusion, partial or total phalangectomy) and any complications.* Postoperative care plan and instructions.* Follow-up notes documenting the patient's progress and recovery.

** This code should only be reported if surgical intervention is performed.If only evaluation and management services are provided, an E&M code should be used. The choice between partial or total phalangectomy is determined based on the severity of the deformity and surgeon's clinical judgment.

  • Revenue Code: P5B (AMBULATORY PROCEDURES - MUSCULOSKELETAL)
  • Payment Status: Active
  • Specialties:Podiatry, Orthopedic Surgery
  • Place of Service:Office, Ambulatory Surgical Center, Inpatient Hospital
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