In simple words: This surgery repairs a hole in the eardrum and removes diseased portions of the mastoid bone behind the ear. The surgeon may also rebuild the ear canal wall and the small bones in the middle ear that help with hearing.

This procedure involves the reconstruction of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to repair a perforation, removal of a portion or all of the mastoid bone, and reconstruction of the posterior ear canal wall (if necessary) using cartilage, bone, or synthetic materials. It also includes ossicular chain reconstruction, which may involve using the patient's own bone or a prosthesis.

Example 1: A patient with chronic ear infections and a perforated eardrum undergoes tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy, including ossicular chain reconstruction, to repair the eardrum, remove infected mastoid bone, and restore hearing., A child with a cholesteatoma (a noncancerous growth) in the middle ear requires tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy and ossicular chain reconstruction to remove the growth, repair the eardrum, and prevent further hearing damage., An adult with a history of ear trauma and a perforated eardrum undergoes tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy and ossicular chain reconstruction to repair the eardrum, address any damage to the ossicles, and improve hearing.

Documentation should include operative reports detailing the extent of the mastoidectomy, the method of ossicular chain reconstruction, any materials used (e.g., prostheses, grafts), and the status of the ear canal wall.Pre-operative audiograms and diagnostic imaging (e.g. CT scan) are also essential.