In simple words: Neonatal tetanus is a dangerous infection in newborns caused by bacteria often found in soil and dust. It enters the baby's body, usually through the umbilical cord, if it's not cut and cared for properly. The infection causes painful muscle stiffness and spasms, making it hard for the baby to feed and breathe.It's very important for pregnant women to be vaccinated against tetanus to protect their babies.

Tetanus neonatorum, also known as neonatal tetanus, is a severe bacterial infection affecting newborns. It is caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, often entering the body through the umbilical cord stump, particularly when delivery practices are unhygienic. The infection leads to generalized muscle rigidity, spasms, and difficulty feeding, and can be fatal if not treated promptly.

Example 1: A newborn delivered at home in a rural setting with limited access to sterile equipment develops muscle stiffness and difficulty feeding within the first two weeks of life.The umbilical cord stump appears infected.The infant is diagnosed with tetanus neonatorum., A baby born in a refugee camp exhibits spasms and lockjaw (trismus).Due to unsanitary delivery conditions, neonatal tetanus is suspected, and the infant is started on antibiotics and antitoxin., An infant displays symptoms including irritability, constant crying, and rigid back arching (opisthotonos). Upon examination and a positive spatula test, the provider diagnoses tetanus neonatorum and implements supportive care, including mechanical ventilation.

Documentation should include details about the delivery conditions, including hygiene practices, appearance of the umbilical cord stump, onset and nature of symptoms (e.g., muscle stiffness, spasms, feeding difficulties, trismus, risus sardonicus, opisthotonos), and results of any diagnostic tests or procedures (e.g., spatula test, wound cultures).It is important to also document the mother's tetanus vaccination status.