In simple words: HUS is a rare but serious condition that can cause red blood cells to break down, kidneys to fail, and small purple spots to appear on the skin. It's often linked to an E. coli infection, but other causes exist.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious condition characterized by the destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis), kidney failure (uremia), and small bluish-purple spots on the skin due to leaking blood vessels (ecchymoses). There are two main types: typical HUS, often caused by E. coli infection, and atypical HUS, which is not related to digestive tract infections. HUS leads to a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and acute renal failure. Atypical HUS is specifically characterized by complement overactivation.

Example 1: A 5-year-old child presents with bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting after consuming contaminated food. Subsequent tests reveal anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, confirming a diagnosis of typical HUS likely caused by E. coli., A 30-year-old woman with a history of autoimmune disease develops fatigue, pallor, and decreased urine output. Blood tests and kidney function assessments indicate microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. Genetic testing identifies a complement gene mutation, leading to a diagnosis of atypical HUS., An infant experiences sudden onset of pallor, bruising, and lethargy following a diarrheal illness. Laboratory findings demonstrate fragmented red blood cells, low platelet count, and elevated creatinine levels, consistent with HUS. Supportive care and monitoring are initiated, and the infant gradually recovers kidney function.

Documentation should specify the type of HUS (typical or atypical), evidence of the diagnostic triad (anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney failure), the underlying cause (if known), and any associated conditions or complications. Lab results, imaging reports, and treatment details should also be included.